High Tibial Osteotomy Surgery

High Tibial Osteotomy Surgery

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure performed to correct arthritis and mechanical issues in the knee joint. It is particularly used to treat osteoarthritis and wear in the medial (inner) part of the knee. This surgery aims to relieve pressure on the joint by altering the weight-bearing axis of the knee.

What is High Tibial Osteotomy?

High tibial osteotomy is a procedure that involves cutting and realigning the tibia (shinbone) to correct a varus (inward-leaning) deformity of the knee joint. This surgical method is used in patients who bear more weight on the inner side of the knee, redirecting that load to the outer side of the knee. As a result, the damaged cartilage area is relieved, and pain is reduced.

Indications for the Procedure

HTO is typically performed in the following conditions:

• Medial Compartment Arthritis: Degenerative arthritis in the inner part of the knee joint.
• Varus Knee Deformity: Inward leaning of the knees.
• Young and Active Patients: Preferred in younger and more active patients as an alternative to total knee replacement.
• Conditions Needing Joint Stability: Situations where joint stability and range of motion are desired to be preserved.

Surgical Process

Preparation: Before surgery, the patient's overall health is assessed, and necessary tests are conducted. The procedure is usually performed under spinal or general anesthesia.

Surgical Procedure:

1. The surgeon makes an incision in the lower part of the knee, on the tibia bone.
2. After the bone cut, the tibia is aligned to the required angle.
3. The bone is stabilized using plates and screws.

Closure and Recovery:

• The incisions are closed, and the surgical area is bandaged.
• Depending on the patient's condition, X-rays may be taken to check the stability of the new alignment.

Post-Operative Recovery

Initial Days:

• Patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days post-surgery.
• Pain management is provided with painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications.
• Ice application can help reduce swelling and pain.

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation:

• Physical therapy is an essential part of the recovery process. In the initial weeks, light exercises are introduced to improve knee mobility and muscle strength.
• Over time, more intense exercises are incorporated, aiming for complete functional recovery.

Restrictions and Considerations:

• Full weight-bearing is generally not recommended in the first few weeks. Use of crutches or a walker may be necessary.
• It is important to keep the knee elevated as per your doctor’s instructions and avoid certain activities.
• Complete recovery typically takes between 3 to 6 months, but this can vary from person to person.

Long-Term Quality of Life

HTO surgery can significantly enhance patients' quality of life by reducing knee pain and improving function. Continuing regular physical therapy and adhering to appropriate exercise programs after surgery will yield the best long-term results.

To maintain the health of your knee joint and reduce the risk of future issues, lifestyle changes such as weight management, healthy eating, and appropriate exercises are also important. If you notice any signs of discomfort or complications, you should consult your doctor immediately.

High tibial osteotomy surgery can be an effective method for alleviating knee pain and deformity. By carefully following your doctor's recommendations and actively participating in the rehabilitation process, you can achieve the best possible outcomes after surgery.