Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a nerve compression syndrome caused by pressure on the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, a narrow passage located in the wrist. The carpal tunnel is surrounded by bones and ligaments, and it contains the median nerve along with tendons that control finger movement. The median nerve is responsible for sensation in parts of the hand, particularly the palm and some fingers.

This condition typically occurs when the median nerve is compressed due to the narrowing of the carpal tunnel or swelling of the nerve itself. Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome often include numbness, tingling, burning, or pain in the hand and fingers, particularly in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger. These symptoms tend to worsen with increased hand activity or at night.

Common causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome include repetitive hand movements, wrist trauma, pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. Diagnosis usually involves medical evaluation and sometimes imaging tests.

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases may be managed with rest, wrist splints, exercises, and anti-inflammatory medications, while severe cases might require corticosteroid injections or surgery. Surgery aims to relieve pressure on the median nerve.

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The symptoms typically affect the hand and wrist area and can vary in intensity. Here are some common signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

1. Tingling and Numbness: Especially during the night or after using the wrist, individuals may feel tingling or numbness in the fingers, especially the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
2. Weakness in the Hand: People may experience weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip objects or perform daily tasks.
3. Pain or Burning Sensation: A burning or painful sensation in the hand or wrist, which may worsen when bending or gripping.
4. Hand and Wrist Sensitivity: Some may experience swelling or tenderness in the wrist.
5. Weakness in the Fingers: The fingers may feel weak, impacting daily activities like holding objects.

Symptoms often worsen at night, likely due to wrist positioning.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed within the carpal tunnel. Some common causes include:

• Anatomical Factors: The naturally narrow structure of the carpal tunnel can increase the risk.
• Repetitive Hand Movements: Repetitive hand motions, such as typing or playing musical instruments, can lead to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
• Wrist Injuries: Trauma, such as fractures or dislocations, can compress the median nerve.
• Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy or menopause can cause swelling in the carpal tunnel.
• Health Conditions: Arthritis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders can increase the risk.
• Genetics: Family history can contribute to the condition.

Prevention of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

While complete prevention may not be possible, the risk of developing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can be reduced by following these tips:

• Modify Hand and Wrist Movements: Avoid repetitive or prolonged hand movements.
• Take Breaks: Rest your hands and wrists during prolonged activities.
• Maintain Ergonomics: Set up an ergonomic workspace with proper wrist support.
• Perform Hand Exercises: Strengthen and stretch the hand and wrist muscles.
• Use Wrist Braces: Wearing a wrist brace can stabilize the wrist during repetitive tasks.
• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Healthy weight management and regular exercise can reduce the risk.

Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Diagnosis often involves the following:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: A detailed review of symptoms and physical examination, including checking for swelling or muscle weakness.
• Tinel’s Test: A tap over the median nerve to check for tingling or numbness.
• Phalen’s Test: Holding the wrists in a flexed position to provoke symptoms.
• Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies: Tests to evaluate nerve function and compression.
• Imaging Tests: While not typically used for diagnosis, they can help rule out other conditions.

Proper diagnosis and early treatment can effectively manage Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.